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Spearmint
Mentha spicata L.
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Family: Lamiaceae,
Mint
Genus: Mentha
Description
General: perennial from creeping rhizomes, 30-100 cm tall,
hairless or almost so, sometimes glandular.
Leaves: opposite in many pairs, often stiff-hairy along
the main veins beneath, mostly stalkless, the stalks, if
present, not over about 3 mm long, the blade lance-ovate
or elliptic, 2-7 cm long, 0.8-2.5 cm wide, 2-3.5 times as
long as wide, sharp-toothed and more or less pointed.
Flowers: numerous in many whorls of flowers crowded
into slender, terminal spikes, the whorls sometimes
interrupted below, 3-12 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide at
flowering. Calyx 1.5-2 mm long, the 5 slender, pointed
lobes generally stiff-hairy on the edges, the tube without
hairs. Corolla 2-4 mm long, pale lavender to sometimes
white, with short tube and nearly regularly 4-lobed limb,
the upper lobe formed by the fusion of the two lobes of the
upper lip, tending to be broader than the other lobes, and
slightly notched. Stamens 4, conspicuously protruding.
Flowering time: June-August.
Fruits: 4 small, egg-shaped nutlets.
Distribution
Banks of streams and ditches, and other moist places, in
some parts of MT. Native of Europe, now widely introduced
in parts of America.
Edible and Medicinal plant, see below.
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(click on image for full size)
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(click on images for full size)
Edible Uses:
The leaves of spearmint are edible raw or cooked. Having a strong spearmint flavor, they are used as a
flavoring in salads or cooked foods. Spearmint
leaves can be used whole, chopped, dried and ground, frozen, preserved in salt, sugar, sugar syrup, alcohol,
oil, or dried. The leaves lose their aromatic appeal after the plant flowers. They are best dried by cutting
just before, or right as the flowers open, about 1/2 to 3/4ths the way down the sock (leaving smaller
shoots room to grow). There is some dispute as to what drying method works best, some prefer different
materials (such as plastic or cloth) and different lighting conditions (such as darkness or sunlight).
The leaves are often used in 'mint sauce', which is used as a flavoring in meals. A herb tea is made from
the fresh or dried leaves. It has a very pleasant and refreshing taste of spearmint, leaving the mouth
and digestive system feeling clean. An essential oil from the leaves and flowers is used as a flavoring
in sweets, ice cream, drinks etc. It has a spearmint flavor.
Medicinal Uses:
Spearmint is a commonly used domestic herbal remedy. A tea made from the leaves has traditionally been
used in the treatment of fevers, headaches, digestive disorders and various minor ailments. The herb is
antispasmodic, urine-inducing, restorative, stimulant, and has agents that prevent vomiting, that relieve
and remove gas from the digestive system, and give tone and strength to the stomach.
Spearmint also stops gonorrhoea, fluor albus
and immoderate flow of the period. A cataplasm of the green leaves applied to the stomach, is said to
prevent vomiting, and to women's breasts prevents hardness and curdling of milk. The plant is gathered
in late summer just as it begins to flower. It yields an oil similar to Peppermint oil and with similar
properties. Two or three drops of oil can be taken on a lump of sugar for flatulence. Adding eight drops
of the oil to 1 pt (568 ml) of water makes Aqua menthae, or Mint Water, which can be given to babies with
colic. The infusion of 1 oz (28 g) of dried herb to 1 pt (568 ml) of boiling water is also said to be
excellent for nausea and wind.
Other Uses:
An essential oil is obtained from the whole plant. The oil is used commercially as a flavoring for toothpaste
and confectionery, and is sometimes added to shampoos and soaps. The plant repels insects and was formerly
used as an strewing herb. Rats and mice intensely dislike the smell of mint.
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